Indonesia Island

INDONESIA PROFILE

STATE BASIC

Pancasila is the basic philosophy of the Indonesian state is derived from two Sanskrit words, "penta" meaning five, and "sila" meaning base. Pancasila consists of five base-related and can not be separated, are:

1. Belief in one God
2. Just and civilized humanity
3. Unity of Indonesia
4. Led by the populist wisdom in a consultative / representative
5. Social justice for all Indonesian people

Indonesia is a democratic state in a presidential system of government, and this is the spirit of Pancasila democracy. Democracy is based on the Five Principles is called Democracy Pancasila. Basis of this country, declared by President Soekarno (Indonesia's first president) in the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic nation which has 17,508 islands. Indonesia lies between 6 degrees north latitude to 11 degrees south latitude, and from 97 degrees to 141 degrees east longitude and is located between two continents of Asia and Australia / Oceania. This strategic location has a huge influence on the cultural, social, political, and economic.

Indonesia's territory extends along 3.977 mile between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. When the waters between the islands combined, the Indonesian area menjadi1.9 million square miles,

Five large islands in Indonesia are: Sumatra, with an area of 473 606 square km, Java with an area of 132 107 square km, Borneo (the third largest island in the world) with an area of 539.460 square km, Sulawesi, with an area of 189 216 square km, and Papua with an area of 421.981 square km.

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY

Indonesian islands are formed in the Miocene Era (12 million years BC); Palaeocene (70 million years BC), Eocene (30 million years BC); Oligacene (25 million years BC). In connection with the arrival of people from mainland Asia, Indonesia is believed to exist in the Pleistocene (4 million years BC). The islands are formed along the lines that have a strong effect of changes in Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. Australian Plate to change slowly climbed into the lane the Pacific Plate, which moves to the south, and between these lines terbentanglah Indonesian islands.

This makes Indonesia as one of the most widely changing geological areas in the world. Mountains located on the islands of Indonesia consists of more than 400 volcanoes, where 100 of them are still active. Indonesia has experienced three times the vibration in a day, an earthquake at least once a day and at least one volcano erupting per year.

Demography

Indonesian population can be divided roughly into two groups. In the western part of Indonesian population are mostly Malays while the east is the tribe of Papua, which has its roots in the islands of Melanesia. Many Indonesian people who declare themselves as part of a more specific ethnic groups, divided by language and region of origin, such as Javanese, Sundanese, or Batak.

There was also a minority population of immigrants whose numbers include Collections, Indian, and Arabic. They had long since come to the archipelago with trade routes since the 8th century BC and settled into a part of the archipelago. In Indonesia there are about 3% of ethnic population hard. These numbers differ because only in the 1930s was the last time the government did a census with a grade of Indonesian society into tribes and descendants.

Islam is the religion of the majority who embraced by approximately 85.2% of the population of Indonesia, making Indonesia the most populous Muslim country in the world. The rest were Protestants (8.9%), Catholic (3%), Hindu (1.8%), Buddhists (0.8%) and others (0.3%).

Most of Indonesian people speak in the local language as mother tongue, but the official language of Indonesia, Indonesian language, is taught in all schools in this country and controlled by almost the entire population of Indonesia.

POLITICS

As well as in other democratic countries, the political system in Indonesia is based on the Trias Politica is the power of the legislative, executive and judiciary. Legislative power is held by an institution called the People Permusyawatan Assembly (MPR), which consists of two bodies of the Parliament whose members consist of representatives of political parties and DPD, whose members represent the provinces in Indonesia. Each region is represented by four people directly elected by the people in their respective regions.

People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) is the highest state institution. Membership of the Assembly changed after the 1945 Amandeman in the period 1999-2004. All members of the Assembly are members of the House of Representatives plus members of the DPD (Regional Representative Council). Previously, members of the Assembly are all members of parliament plus representatives faction. Members of Parliament currently consists of 550 members of Parliament and 128 members of the DPD. DPR and DPD members selected by election and was sworn in five-year term. Since 2004, the Assembly is a bicameral parliament, after the creation of DPD as a second bedroom.

Executive agencies centered on the president, vice presidents, and cabinet. Cabinet in Indonesia is that the ministers Presidenstil Cabinet is responsible to the president and do not represent political parties in parliament.

The judicial institutions since the reform period and the 1945 amendment executed by the Supreme Court, including the administrative arrangements of the Judges.

PROVINCE

Indonesia currently has 33 provinces (including two Regional Specialties (DI) and a Special Capital Region (DKI). Both are DI Aceh and Yogyakarta Special Region, while capital is Jakarta Special Capital Region. Before the year 1999, East Timor is one of the provinces in Indonesia, which later broke away through a referendum to the State of Timor Leste.

List of Provinces in Indonesia
Sumatra
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam | North Sumatra | West Sumatra | Bengkulu | Riau | Riau Islands | Jambi | South Sumatra | Lampung | Bangka-Belitung Islands
Java
Jakarta | West Java | Banten | Central Java | Yogyakarta | East Java
Kalimantan
West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | East Kalimantan
Nusa Tenggara
Bali | West Nusa Tenggara | East Nusa Tenggara
Sulawesi
West Sulawesi | North Sulawesi | Central Sulawesi | South Sulawesi | South East Sulawesi | Gorontalo
Maluku Islands and Papua
Maluku | North Maluku | West Papua | Papua

ECONOMY

Indonesia's economic decline in the late 1990s due to economic crisis that hit much of Asia at that time. The economy has now been fairly stable at this time.

Indonesia has vast natural resources outside Java, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Indonesia is the second largest natural gas exporter in the world, although lately he has become a net importer of crude oil. The main agricultural products include rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber.

Peer Indonesia is Japan's biggest trade, the United States and its neighboring countries namely Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.

Although rich in natural and human resources, Indonesia still faces major problems in the areas of poverty that is largely due to rampant corruption in government.
Indonesian central bank is Bank Indonesia.

CULTURAL ARTS

Type of art in Indonesia is heavily influenced by cultures. Javanese and Balinese dances are famous, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology.

Many also contain art of dance that Islamic values. Some of them can be found in areas such as Sumatra and Tari Saman dance Meusukat Seudati of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.

Also quite famous in the world is a shadow puppet show featuring stories about mythological events. Art rhyme, gurindam, and so forth from various regions like rhyme Malays, and other rhyme-rhyme are often used in certain events ie events, art performances, and others.

In the field of fashion heritage is famous throughout the world of batik. Some areas are famous for its batik industry including Yogyakarta, Solo, and also Pekalongan.

Pencak silat is a unique martial art originating from Indonesia. This martial art is sometimes displayed on special occasions which is usually followed by performances of traditional Indonesian music in the form of gamelan and other traditional musical arts in accordance with the homelands.

Musical arts in Indonesia, both traditional and modern is very much stretched from Sabang to Merauke. Traditional music as well as Java keroncong recognized by almost all Indonesian people, but more powerful in the face of art songs in Indonesia, which later Dangdut modern songs. Dangdut music is one of Indonesia that has been populist in the archipelago, which combined the musical elements of Malays, Indians, and also the traditional Indonesian music. Dangdut called because the music is heard is the voice of 'trial' and 'corner' and Dangdut music is more dominated by the sound of drums and flutes. Dangdut songs usually didendangkan by pedangdut by rocking the seronok and gracefully adjusted to the song tempo. There are various shades Dangdut music, among other Malays Dangdut, Dangdut Modern (Dangdut today's musical instruments have been coupled with modern musical instruments); and Coastal Dangdut (dangdut song traditional Javanese, Sundanese, etc.). In the '70s, better known as dangdut music flow Melayu orchestra, which was then in the early 80s he was better known as dangdut.

Indonesia consists of various ethnic groups, religions and different beliefs. There Batak, Karo, Minangkabau, Malays in Sumatra and so forth. There are many recognized religions in Indonesia are Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Buddhist and Confucian beliefs even now well recognized. However, the majority of Indonesian people prefer to Islam as a religion.