Tracing the history of the anniversary of East Java province, is not complete without seeing the background conditions of the region and government of East Java. Important historical setting of East Java is presented specifically in order to be recognized and understood about the anniversary of the argument that the search team formed the East Java Governor proposes alternative anniversary, and how to respond and also answer the end of the legislative proposals for the day so until stipulating. Historical events such as what is factual and obyketif never happened and passed by the East Java province, so the date of October 12, 1945 was agreed and set as the anniversary of East Java Province.
A kingdom Century
Epigrafis sources found in Indonesia, many of which provide information about the system of governance in Indonesia. Developments on the job of government is known starting from the time of the ancient Mataram (760-929), Medang (937-1080), Kediri (1080-1222), Singasari (1222-1292), Majapahit (1294-1527), Demak-Pajang (1575 ), and the Islamic Mataram (1575-1755).
According Canggal Inscription (732 AD), Ancient Mataram Kingdom under the leadership of King Sanjaya, governance structures are concentric. Hierarchically composed from the central government (kingdom), the local government (Watek), and village government (wanua). By mid-century by Pu Shendok X, one of the last descendant of Sanjaya dynasty in Central Java, the center of the kingdom moved to East Java. In addition, he also consolidated his power and his administration in a system and a more solid structure. Pu Shendok also build a dynasty or a new dynasty known as the House of Isana.
Wangsa Isana developing offspring in Kediri (1049-1222). At the time this appears in Kediri changes in the structure of government with the emergence of the term Thani, the wizard, and Bhumi as expressed in the inscription Hantang (1135). It also appears the term pilgrim or a village elder who allegedly is an area officials at the level of the wizard. This unit replaces the term wizard region Watek in the preceding century. Bhumi terms that appear can be equated with the term nagara. However Bhumi term refers to the capital, while the nagara is a reference to the unit area that is geographically or physically led by a pilgrim. Seeing the reality of the above we can conclude that the structure of government at the time consisted of the Kediri kingdom Thani (village), the wizard / headman / haj (district), and Bhumi (center).
During Singashari (1222-1292) of new developments occurred in the structure of government in East Java. Based on the inscription At Manurung, December 28, 1255 issued by King Seminingrat, emerged a new institution, namely nagara as the unit of government territory. These new institutions were located on the Watek / wizard and under the king. This change was made to expand the political area, particularly in trade politics.
Governance structures more progress during the Majapahit Empire (1294-1527). In this period his government has implemented a system of orientation out and stabilize the region and governance arrangements. This period appears positions such as Pahom Nahendra (Royal Council), Saptaprabu (Advisory Council), Saptaupapati (Acting Justice), Panca Thanda (Bureaucracy), and Darma Putera, and Bhayangkari (special security forces).
Majapahit empire, especially in Java is divided into a number of provinces who supervises a number of local authorities: the regents, akuwu, and village headman. The local authority is receiving power from the king. But he had to do duty as provide power for the purposes of the king and military interests if necessary, pay taxes, and overlooking the capital city or to the court to declare loyalty. In the development of the next government, after the more extensive areas of Majapahit, the king made as the cosmic center. For the royal family was appointed a governor on adhipati or nagara-nagara or province as a liaison between the king with villagers. In the context of King Hayam Wuruk thus confirmed the government legislation and regulation anniversary nagara-level governance in the province of East Java, the Majapahit kingdom in the governance structure on March 27, 1365 AD. This decision was reinforced after Hayam Wuruk travel to areas in the eastern part of Majapahit, which in its development, then these areas become Wetan Bang province or territory of East Java.
Tanggal lain yang juga berhubungan dengan masalah penetapan munculnya pemerintahan nagara atau provinsi selain prasasti Mulamanurung ialah tanggal peluncuran Nagarakrtagama sendiri yaitu, tanggal 25 September 1365.Dari informasi yang ditemukan secara vertikal struktur pemerintahan Majapahit dari atas ke bawah adalah sebagai berikut: bhumi (pusat/maharaja), rajya (nagara) (provinsi/raja/natha/bhatara/wadhana/adhipati), watek/wiyasa (kabupaten/ tumenggung), lurah/kuwu (kademangan/demang), thani/wanua (desa, petinggi), kabuyutan (dusun/dukuh/lingkungan/rama). Wilayah propinsi pada Kerajaan Majapahit yang semula pada abad XIV berdasarkan pemberitaan Negarakrtagama berjumlah dua belas, yaitu:
No. Nagara Name Nath's name or the Governor Information
1. KAHURIPAN (Janggala) Tribhuwanatunggadewi King's mother
2. Daha (Kediri) Rajadewi Maharajasa Aunt / in law
3. Singhasari Kertawardhana Daddy King
4. Wengker (Ponorogo) Wijayarajasa Uncle / in law
5. Matahun (Bojonegoro) Rajasawardhana SuamiBhre, Lasem, sepupu
Hayam wuruk
6. Wirabhumi (Blambanagan) Nagarawardhani nephew Hayam Wuruk
7. Paguhan Sangawardhana in-law Hayam Wuruk
8. Kabalan Kusumawardhani daughter
9. Pawanuan Surawardhani -
10. Lasem (Central Java) Rajasaduhita Indudewi Cousin Hayam Wuruk
11. Shelf (near Solo) Brother Rajasaduhitaiswari daughter
12. Mataram (Yogyakarta) Wikramawardhana nephew/ daughter Hayam wuruk
Based on the inscription Suradakan, 22 November 1447 in the province of Majapahit grew into fourteen, each regional unit was led by a nobleman of the royal family as a young king who bear the title of Lord or the governor. Nath fourteenth region and these are:
No Nama Nagara Nama Natha atau Gubernur
1. Kahuripan (Janggala) Rajasawardhana Dyah Wijayakumara
2. Daha (Kediri) Jayawardhani Dyah Iswara
3. Wengker (Ponorogo) Girisawardhana Dyah Suryawikrama
4. Tumapel (Singhasari) Singawikramawardhana Dyah Suraprabawa
5. Wirabhumi (Blambanagan) Wijayaparekraman Dyah Samarawijaya
6. Wirabhumi (Blambanagan) Rajasawardhana Indudewi Dyah Pureswari
7. Jagaraga (Ngawi) Wijayaindudewi Dyah Wijayaduhita
8. Kling (Timur Kediri) Girindrawardhana Dyah Wijayakarana
9. Singapura Rajasawardhanadewi Dyah Sripura
10. Kalinghapura Kamalawarnadewi Dyah Sudayitra
11. Kembang Jenar Rajanandeswari Dyah Sudarmini
12. Kabalan Mahamahisi Dyah Sawitri
13. Pajang (dekat Solo) Dyah Sura Iswari
14. Tanjungpura Mangalawardhani Dyah Suragharini
(Sumber: H.M. Yamin, Tatanegara Majapahit Sapta-Parwa II, Jakarta: Prajnaparamita, 1960)
The collapse of Majapahit in the early sixteenth century led to the new kingdom of Demak (1478-1546) and Pajang (1546-1582). Led by the Sultan of Demak Kingdom Trenggono successfully conquered territories to the eastern tip of Java. But he was killed in the conquest business. Political crisis that occurred after the death of Sultan Trenggono new figures bring the Sultan Hadiwijaya Jaka Tingkir or who move to the center of the kingdom in the hinterland Pajang. During this Pajang Java is divided into five provinces namely (1) Pajang as the core of the kingdom, (2) North Coast, Central Java and East Java, some North Shore, (3) West Coast from Cirebon to Banten, and (4) Mancanagara, and ( 5) Bang Wetan. However, other sources (de Graaf) which states that at no time is divided into eight regions Pajang an independent and separate provinces, namely Banten, Jayakarta, Cirebon, Prawata, Kalinyamat (Japara), Pajang, Kedu, and Madura.
During the Mataram Kingdom (1575-1755) under Sultan Agung, the kingdoms of East Java successfully conquered. Starting from Madison (1590) until Blambangan (1635) for East Java can practically united under the banner of Mataram. To sustain the integration of the region performed marriages with the royal family ties, such as the Duke of Surabaya with the Sultan's sister, Queen Pandansari. Even the Sultan Agung doing great event in 1936 and 1941. Pretext or the Kingdom Assembly was held to coincide with the ceremony Gerebeg Mawlood dated August 14, 1636. Agenda of the session are:
1. Hijri calendar dedication to replace the Saka calendar.
2. Registration conducted empire and the establishment of governance structures.
3. Determination of the administrative area where the provincial government as consisting of Bang Wetan Mancanagara Wetan and Coastal Wetan wedhana led by the regent or adhipati whose status can be compared with the governor because of his position is above the level of regents.
During its development, the Kingdom of Mataram doing a lot of changes to the system of government. These changes did not escape the political situation at that time. From the point konsentrisme adopted in the constitutional system, the Mataram area differentiated into four groups, namely (1) Kuthagara or Kutanegara (state), namely the palace as the focal point and a place to live the king. (2) Bhumi Narawita (where the servants of the king), which is the abode of the nobles of the kingdom. (3) Nagaragung, ie areas outside the capital in areas where there are land tenure from the nobles who live in the Bhumi Narawita. (4) Mancanagara, ie outside the area which includes mancanagara nagaragung wetan (starting Ponorogo to the east), mancanagara west (starting Purworejo west), coastal northern coast consists of coastal western (Demak to west) and coastal wetan (Demak to the East ).
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