Province Of North Maluku

Port of Maluku

Welcome....................It is a gift of Allah Almighty bestowed the greatest to the community in this area, namely the establishment of Law No. 46 Year 1999 on the Establishment of the Province of North Maluku, Buru regency and West Southeast Maluku District. Ideals of the long struggle for a society of North Maluku province area has finally been realized. Manifestation of gratitude must be realized in the form and spirit of undertaking the responsibility to build the province of North Maluku and strategically planned for the welfare of the people who profusely.

Cakalele Tradition

As stipulated by Law No. 22 on Regional Governance and Law No. 25 Year 1999 on Financial Balance and the Center for Local Government, and Government Regulation No. 25 Year 2000 concerning the authority of the Government and the Provinces as Autonomous Region, has brought a fresh new look for the implementation of regional autonomy , where area is given the authority to control and manage his own household. Consequently, there would be changes in the fundamental system of governance, both at central, provincial and regency / city.

Gamalama Mountain

Crash in line with the reform era and the era of regional autonomy and strong community desire to make the division of North Maluku Regency / Municipality in order to shorten the span of government control and service improvement of governance at the province of North Maluku, North Maluku Province received the 5 (five) regional division of County / City, based on Law No. 1 Year 2003 regarding the establishment of North Halmahera, East Halmahera, South Halmahera, Sula Islands District, and Tidore. Therefore, after going through petanaan local authorities, the North Maluku province has 8 districts / cities, namely: 1) district of West Halmahera (North Maluku), 2) Central Halmahera District, 3) Ternate, 4) North Halmahera District, 5) East Halmahera District, 6) South Halmahera District, 7) District Sula Islands, and 8) Tidore.

Demands to achieve good governance (good governance) and clean government (Clean Government), has been addressed by the government, with the issuance of Government Instruction No. 7 of 1999 dated June 15, 1999 about the Government Performance Accountability.

Economy

Regional economy are mainly from people's economy relies on agriculture, fisheries, and other types of seafood.

Island Maluku

Private economic locomotion showed export orientation, among others:

* Processing of Wood (Halmahera Island)
* Falabisahaya (Mangoli Island)
* Banana Plantation in Galela (Halmahera Island)
* Fisheries with fishery involving the people, by PT Mina Enterprises (SOEs) in mining
* Gold Mine by PT Nusa Halmahera Minerals in Kao and Malifut (Halmahera Island)
* Nickel Mine by PT Aneka Tambang on Gebe Island and Pulau Pakal

Province Of West Papua

Owned by the provincial tourism potential in Indonesia is almost complete. Its nature is still original, distinctive and unique culture, special interests that are not less interesting nautical with other areas of Indonesias even though foreign tourists. All this has not been touched and even arranged to be the object and the leading tourist attraction for visiting tourists, especially the permanent snow in the mountains of central and Lorentz National Park which covers 2.5056 million hectares. This region is the largest conservation area in southeast Asia, located at an altitude of 0-4884 m above sea level and spread over four districts, Namely: Jayawijaya, Mimika, Puncak Jaya and Asmat. Lorentz National Park conservation area is not as common as lainny region but on the date of December 12, 1999 the United Nations through the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was officially designated as a world heritage site Alama has approximately 43 types of ecosystems, regions that have glaciers Tropics (Carstensz Peak) and the menakjudkan Habema lake, decorated with alpine meadows and swamps.

There's more in Merauke Wasur National Park with various species of mammals, the National Park Bay of paradise with a variety of marine life and beautiful coral and do not miss all the cultural potency which is usually displayed at the Festival Baliem Valley and the Asmat and other tourism activities such as Trekking, Hiking, Hunting and Adventuring.

TRANSPORTATION

* Air Transportation
In Papua there are hundreds airstrip, nearly all districts have the airstrip. Large airfield was Frans Kaisepo in Biak, Sentani in Jayapura, Timika and Merauke can be visited such as Jumbo jets Large aircraft, Boing 737 and DC 19 from Jakarta, Surabaya, Makassar with penerbanagan airline Garuda Indonesia Airline (GIA), Merpati Nusantara Airlines (MNA), Efata Air, Batavia Air, Express Air and Water Trigana. For the district with the airstrip ang Other smaller airlines serviced by Merpati Nusantara Airlines (MNA) da Trigana Air by Twin Otter plane like a Cessna.

* Sea Transportation
There are several sea Port District, which is Jayapura, Biak, Yapen, Nabire, Merauke, Timika, Agats and Sorong, who visited several ships, among others:

* KM Dorolonda sailing from Surabaya, Makassar, Kupang, Ambonm Fakfak, Sorong, Manokwari, Jayapura

* KM Nggapulu the berlaar from Jakarta, Surabaya, Balikpapan, Pantolan, Bitung, Ternate, Sorong, Manokwari, Nabire, Serui, Biak and Jayapura

* KM Labobar sailing from Batam, Jakarta, Surabaya, Makassar, Sorong, Manokwari, Nabire and Jayapura.

* KM Sinabung which sailed from Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Makassar, odor-odor, Banggai, Bitung, Ternate, Sorong, Manokwari, Biak, Serui, Jayapura.

* Ground Transportation
There is public transport, charter and in all the districts in Papua have alan linking Districts, Villages and Cities

Mining Of Freeport

The information about how OTHER
* Visa / Passport
There are about 45 states that do not require a visa for coming to Indonesia for the past 60 days. Those countries diantarana Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Danish, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Malasia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand Recently, Norway, Philippines, Arabic, Singapore, Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United States, UK and Venezuela. It is important to memerikasa passport before coming in Indonesian. Make sure your passport is still valid at least six months from the date of arrival. For security purposes you should make a photo copy all the files, such as passports, visas, identity cards and separate them from the other original to maintain the possibility of missing.

* Clothing
Large parts of Indonesia have a hot and humid weather, casual clothing that absorbs sweat very encouraged to apply. Wamena region (Baliem Valley) Jayawijaya rather low temperature, so you need to bring a sweater. The situation in Papua erratic weather, sometimes hot sometimes rain, so we suggest you bring an umbrella or raincoat. In addition, you also need to use a good shoe for a trip, namuk drugs, mosquito nets and anti-malarial drugs.

* Customs
Standard rules in bringing cigarettes and liquor are two literminuman berakohol official. 200 cigars / cigarettes, 100 grams of tobacco. The Indonesian government strictly prohibits the circulation of narcotics, drugs, liquor, pornography and gambling. If there is wear or violate government regulations regarding the above matters will be in the process of legally applicable in Indonesia.

* Street Letter
To visit the hinterlands and other towns outside of Biak, Jayapura and Sorong required Letter Road, commonly abbreviated as "SKJ" which contains information such as passport number, passport size photos, and names of cities / places would you visit ang . SKJ can be obtained at the Police Office of Biak, Jayapura and Sorong. You are also advised to make several copies after SKJ accepted due to visit the places your destination, must show Passport to SKJ and local police officers.

King Of Ampat Island

Sudirman Mountain in Papua Province

Trikora Mountain

* Time Zone
Papua is located in the easternmost part of Indonesia, the applicable time here is EDT (Eastern Indonesi time) with nine hours from the time selisish Greewich

* Banking, Currency and Working Hours
Part of the Office and the Bank open hours till 15:00 MSK 8:00 CDT. In every district there is Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) and Bank of Papua. While in all the capital of the parent (big cities) already exists Bank Mandiri, Bank Internasional Indonesia (BII), Indonesi National Bank (BNI 46), Bank Central Asia (BCA) and Bank Danamon is already equipped with an ATM (Automatic Teller Machine). Foreign currencies like U.S. $, Aus $, Japanese Yen and the Euro may at exchange rates in banks BNI, BII and Bank Mandiri, in addition to credit cards can be accepted in hotels, restaurants and supermarkets. Fractional Currency in circulation in Indonesia ranging from USD coin. 100, -, Rp. 200, -, RP. 500, - USD banknotes. 1000, -, Rp. 5000, -, Rp. 10.000, -, 20.000, -, 50.000, - and Rp. 100.000, -


* Post & Telecommunications
Post and Telecommunications in Papua has been growing rapidly, all the districts already have a network of Post and Telephone. Television and Radio also has to reach all districts in Papua, especially the capital district. Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) to broadcast local events in Papua and also national and international news from the national radio station in Central Jakarta.

Province Of West Sulawesi

Geograhic

West Sulawesi province was split from South Sulawesi province. Province which was established on October 5, 2004 is based on Law No. 26 Year 2004. Its capital is Mamuju. The total area of approximately 16,796.19 km ². and consists of Ethnic Mandar (49.15%), Toraja (13.95%), Bugis (10.79%), Java (5.38%), Makassar (1.59%) and others (19.15% ).

Natural Source of Wealth

West Sulawesi is known as a tourist location. Apart from cocoa, the area is also producing robusta coffee or coffee, coconut, and clove. In the mining sector there is the content of gold, coal, and petroleum.

Province of North Sulawesi

North Sulawesi Province is located in the peninsula of Sulawesi Island (near-letter K). North Sulawesi Province consists of several counties and cities.

Marore Island

Land Park of Bunaken

Province of South Sulawesi

South Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia, located in the southern part of Sulawesi. The capital city is Makassar, formerly known as no longer significant.
Geography

South Sulawesi Province is situated in 0 ° 12 '- 8 ° south latitude and 116 ° 48' - 122 ° 36 'East Longitude. Area of 62482.54 km ². The province is bordered by Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi to the north, the Gulf of Bone and Southeast Sulawesi in the east, west of Makassar Strait and Flores Sea in the south.

SOCIAL COMMUNITY

Women from Ethnic Toraja with customary clothing
Bugis, Makassar, Mandar, Toraja, Duri, Pattinjo, Maroangin, Endekan, Pattae, and Kajang / Konjo


Language

Common language used was Makassar, Bugis, Luwu, Toraja, Mandar, Duri, Konjo, and Pattae

Religion

Muslim majority, except in Tana Toraja and other parts of the Christian religion.

POPULATION

Up to June 2006, the number of residents in South Sulawesi as many as 7,520,204 registered inhabitants, with the distribution of 3.602 million males and 3,918,204 females

GOVERMENT

Five years after independence, the government issued Law Number 21 Year 1950, which became the legal basis for the establishment of the Administrative Province of Sulawesi. 10 years later, the government issued Law Number 47 Year 1960 which authorize the formation of South and Southeast Sulawesi. Four years later, through Law No. 13 Year 1964 separating government from South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi. Finally, the government of South Sulawesi split into two, based on Law Number 26 Year 2004.

Picture of Coal

District Majene, Mamasa, Mamuju, North Mamuju and Polewali Mandar who had been a district in South Sulawesi province officially became a district in the province of West Sulawesi province in line with the establishment on October 5, 2004 based on Law Number 26 Year 2004.

Province of Southeast Sulawesi

HISTORY


Southeast Sulawesi established as an Autonomous Region, based Regulation No. 1964. 13 Year in 1964. Initially consisting of four (four) districts are: District of Kendari, Kolaka, Muna and Buton District with the City as the provincial capital of Kendari. After expansion, Southeast Sulawesi has 10 counties and two cities.

Demographics

In 1990 the total population of about 1,349,619 inhabitants of Southeast Sulawesi. Then in 2000 increased to 1,776,292 inhabitants and according to the National Economic Social Survey 2005 Central Bureau of Statistics is the number 1959. 414 inhabitants.


Southeast Sulawesi population growth rate during 1990-2000 was 2.79% per year and the years 2004-2005 to 0.02. Population growth rate according to the district during the period 2004-2005 only city of Kendari and Muna which showed positive growth of 0.03% and 0.02% per year, while other districts showed negative growth.

Sultra population age structure in 2005, people aged under 15 years 700 433 inhabitants / 35.75% of the total population. While the female population reached 984 987 inhabitants (20:27%) and male population reaching 974 427 inhabitants (49.73%).

ECONOMY

Some commodity Southeast Sulawesi, among others:

1. Agriculture, including cocoa, cashew nuts, coconut, clove, coffee, pepper and vanilla nut
2. Forestry, including logs and sawn timber
3. Fisheries, including inland fisheries and sea fisheries
4. Livestock, including cows, buffaloes and goats
5. Mining, including asphalt, nickel, gold, marble, semi precious stones, ONIX, limestone and clay
6. Tourism, covers

Buton Palace Fortress, the largest castle in the world located in the City Baubau

* Tour history such as: 1. Buton Palace fortress, in the City of Baubau which is the largest castle in the world; 2. Malige Palace, in the city with unique architecture Tribe Baubau Buton and is a traditional building that is not menggunkan nails; 3. Kasulana Tombi, in which a former City Baubau flagpole Buton Sultanate of an age of more than three centuries; 4. Buton Palace The Great Mosque (Masigi Ogena), in the City of Baubau which is the first mosque that stood in Southeast Sulawesi; 5. Kampua, in the City of Baubau which is the currency of the Kingdom and the Sultanate of Buton;

Traditional House Buton, do not use nails but can stand firm

* Tour culture such as: 1. Woven in the town of Baubau Buton, Buton and North Buton; 2. Ikat Weaving at Wakatobi, 3. Dance Lariangi from Wakatobi; 4. Dance Balumpa from Wakatobi; 5. Pekande-kandea, public ceremonial Buton Kingdom (Buton, Buton Utara, City Baubau, Wakatobi); 6. Iron Craftsmen in Tomia, Wakatobi, 7. Ceremony Posuo (Buton Community Kingdom); 8. Ceremony Kabuenga, from Wakatobi; 9. Ceremony Karia, from Perfume-scented at Wakatobi, 10. Ceremony Mataa, from Buton, 11. Andala Tururangiana Ceremony, from the island of Makassar in the City of Baubau, 12. Khagati traditional kites from Muna; 13. Banana Dance Cut from Kabaena in Bombana; 14. Horse complaints from Muna; 15 Ceremony Religion Goraana Oputa by people of Buton Kingdom; 16. Religion Ceremony Qunua by the people of Buton Kingdom; 17. Lute & Dole-Dole, musical instruments typical people of Buton Kingdom; 19. Attractions in the City Dragon Boat Baubau; 20. Dance Lulo Alu from Kabaena Bombana; 21. Bangka customary Upcara Mbule Mbule in Wakatobi;

Wakatobi, underwater paradise

* Nature Tours such as:
1. Wakatobi National Park in the Wakatobi which is a paradise underwater world of coral triangle which has as many as 750 coral species, 850 coral species from the world.
2. Nirwana Beach City Baubau
3. Lakeba Beach City Baubau
4. Cave City Baubau Moko
5. Cave City lakasa Baubau
6. Kamali Beach City Baubau
7. City Wantiro Baubau
8. Tirta Rimba Forest City Baubau
9. Poaro in Kota Batu Baubau
10. Cave City Kaisabu Baubau
11. Lagawuna Baubau City
12. Waterfall City Samparona Baubau
13. Forest Lambusango in Buton that have good biodiversity of endemic flora and fauna including Anoa
14. Wildlife in North Buton Buton North
15. Wakonti Nature Reserve in the City of Baubau
16. Baptismal reached at City Baubau
17. Baubau times in the City of Baubau
18. City Kolagana Baubau; Sulaa Baubau City
19. Underwater Tours Basilica in Buton, which is an integrated development area Basilica (Batauga Island, Island Siompu, Liwutongkidi Island, and Island Kadatua). The goal is to develop marine tourism object (submarine) in the district with a rich variety of attractions that baharinya
20. Letters in the City Baubau Baubau
21. Tamborasi River which is the shortest river in the world located in North Kolaka
22. Waterfall Moramo in WakatobiRegency
23. Goa Kobori in Muna
24. Lake Napabale in Muna
25. Kaburaburana, waterfalls bertinkat in Buton.

Province of Central Kalimantan

HISTORY




In the 14th century kingdom ruled Gastric Mangkurat Dipa State with its territory from the Cape of Tanjung Putting Silat up with areas called Sakai namely Barito river area, Tabalong, Balangan, Pitap, fruit, Amandit, Labuan Amas, Biaju Small / Kapuas, Biaju Large / Kahayan, Sebangau, Mendawai, Katingan, Sampit and Wasters under the Mantri Sakai, was not included in Kotawaringin which in those days was a separate kingdom. Central Kalimantan are still included within the territory of the Sultanate of Banjar, the successor State Dipa. In the 16th century, King Maruhum berkuasalah Nyai Panambahan who married late Lawai, a daughter of Dayak children Patih Rumbih Biaju. Dipati Ngganding King Maruhum ordered to rule in the country Kotawaringin. Dipati Ngganding replaced by Prince Dipati Anta-law-son of King Kasuma Kotawaringin Maruhum as the first king with the title of Queen City Waringin. Anta-Kasuma Dipati Prince is the husband of the daughter named Andin Dipati Ngganding and daughter Mantri Kahayan Nyai Tapu. In Kotawaringin Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma married local women and children obtain the Prince and Princess Amas Lanting. Prince Queen Amas Amas whose surname is at the king's successor Kotawaringin Kotawaringin now continue until the King is the Queen of Prince Alidin Alamsyah Sukma. August 13, 1787 according to the treaty, the Sultan of Banjar handed Tahmidullah II areas in Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, part of West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and some (including the branch) to the VOC, while the Sultanate of Banjar itself with the remaining area (the area until Tamiang Martapura overpass) into areas of VOC-Dutch protectorate. On May 4, 1826 Adam al-Sultan of Banjar Watsiqu Billah reaffirms its delivery area in Central Kalimantan other regions to the Dutch East Indies colonial administration.

CONDITIONAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural Condition

Northern Mountains consist Swachner Muller and hills, southern lowlands, swamp, marsh-marsh. Bordered by three Indonesian province of East Kalimantan, South and West as well as the Java Sea. Humid tropical climate, crossed by the equator line.

Biodiversity

Many still unknown, with the range of coastal areas, mountains / hills, plains and marshes, all kinds of tropical vegetation dominate this area of nature. Orangutans are still many of endemic animals in Central Kalimantan, particularly in the area of Tanjung Putting National Park, which reached 300,000 hectares in West and Seruyan Kotawaringin. There are bears, porcupines, gibbons, gibbons, monkey, monkey, proboscis monkey, pangolin, crocodile, slow loris, freshwater whale (tampahas), Arowana, manjuhan, marine turtles, bald, bird rangkong, parrot / parrots and other varied high.

Natural Resources

80% forest dominated the area. Primary forest remaining around 25% of the area. Large field currently dominated gardens start to reach 700 000 hectares of Palm (2007). Rubber and rattan plantations the people are still scattered in nearly all regions, especially in the district of Kapuas, Katingan, Home Knives, Gunung Mas and East Kotawaringin. Many kinds of natural resources potential, among others, who had gained coal, gold, zircon, iron. There is also copper, kaolin, gemstones and others.

Province of West Kalimantan

HISTORY


According kakawin Nagarakertagama (1365), West Kalimantan, Majapahit conquered, even since the time of the call Bakulapura Singhasari. According to the Hikayat Banjar (1663), the country Sambas, Sukadana and countries in Batang Lawai (the ancient name of the Kapuas River) had been conquered since the days of the Hindu kingdom of Banjar. Since October 1, 1609, the Kingdom of Sambas into areas of VOC-Dutch protectorate. October 20, 1756 according to the agreement of the Dutch East India Company will assist the Sultan of Banjar Tamjidullah I returned to conquer the areas that separate them Sanggau, Sintang and Lawai (Melawi). By deed dated March 26, 1778 Hedgehogs and Sukadana country handed over to the Dutch East India Company by the Sultan of Banten. These are areas that originally belonged to the Dutch VOC protectorate area in addition to Sambas. In the same year Prince Sharif Abd-Dutch VOC Alkadrie sanctioned as the first Sultan of Pontianak in the region are owned by the Dutch. In 1789 the Sultan of Pontianak assisted Lan Fang Kongsi-Dutch East India Company was ordered to occupy the country Mempawah. On May 4, 1826 Sultan of Banjar handed Adam Barley, Sintang and Lawai (Melawi) to the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. In 1855, the country entered into the Sambas region form the Dutch East Indies Residency of Sambas.


At the time of the Dutch East Indies government based on the Decree of Governor-General that was published in 1938 No STB. 352, among others, regulate and stipulate that the capital of an administrative region located in Banjarmasin Borneo Gouvernement divided into two Residentir, one of whom is Residentie Westerafdeeling Van to the capital, Pontianak, Borneo, led by a prefect.

On January 1, 1957 WK officially became an independent province on Borneo island, based on Law No. 25 year 1956 dated December 7, 1956. The law has also been the basis for the formation of two other provinces in the archipelago's largest island. These two provinces are in South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan

Economy
[Edit] Agriculture & Plantation

West Kalimantan has the potential of agriculture and plantation which is relatively abundant. WK agricultural products include rice, corn, soybeans, and others. Meanwhile, plantation crops such as rubber, oil palm, coconut, aloe vera, and others.

ART and CULTURE
Traditional Dances


Dance Monong / Manang / Baliatn, a dance Healing contained in all the Dayak community. dance serves as a repellent / healer / antidote to the disease the patient can recover with the dancers acting as shaman incantations. this dance is present when the shaman is in a state of trance, and dance is part of traditional ceremonies Bemanang / Balian.

Dance by side, A Dance Single at the Dayak Mualang SEKADAU District which in the present as a dance entertainment community for sustenance / dagger / food given by God. Dance is used as a media attraction by side, and this dance depart from the ancestral culture in the past, which is closely related to the acceptance / welcoming guests / hero.

Dance Jonggan merupkan Kendayan Dayak social dance in the Kubu Raya, Mempawah, Hedgehogs can still be found and enjoyed visually, this dance meceritakan joy and happiness in the association of young Dayak helm. In this dance of the guests who come are generally invited to dance together.

Dance is a dance kondan association rhyme and accompanied by traditional music Sanggau Kapuas Dayak community, the arts are sometimes accompanied by guitar kondan this. These are the words of art kondan happiness of guests who visit and stay overnight in their regions. This art is done by dancing and unrequited rhyme.

Dance Zapin West Kalimantan Malays in society, is a social dance in society, as the media said the happiness in the association. if he uses Tembung property, then called Zapin tembung, if using a fan so called Zapin fan.

Province of East Kalimantan

HISTORY

Before the entry of the tribes of Sarawak and tribal migrants from outside the island, the area was very sparsely populated. Before the arrival of the Dutch there were several kingdoms in East Kalimantan, including Kutaisi (Hindu), Labour ing Martadipura Sultanate, the Sultanate of Sand, Sultanate Bulungan.

According to the Hikayat Banjar, East Kalimantan region (Pasir, Kutai, Berau, Karasikan) is part of the territory conquered the Sultanate of Banjar, even since the era of the Hindus. In the Hikayat Banjar mention that in the mid-17th century Sultan of Makassar borrowed land as a place to trade includes the area east and southeast of Borneo to the Sultan of Banjar Mustain Billah Martasura Kiai at the time was sent to Makassar and entered into an agreement with I Mangadacinna Daeng Sitaba Karaeng namely the Sultan of Tallo Pattingalloang who served Mangkubumi for Sultan Raja Gowa Malikussaid year 1638-1654 which will make the East Kalimantan region as a place of trade for the Sultanate of Makassar (Gowa-Tallo), thus began berdatanganlah ethnic origin of South Sulawesi. Since August 13, 1787, the Sultan of Banjar handed Tahmidullah II East Kalimantan form the company's VOC-the Dutch and the Sultanate of Banjar itself with the remaining territory into areas of VOC-Dutch protectorate. According to the treaty January 1, 1817, Sultan Sulaiman of Banjar handed East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan and some part of South Kalimantan (including the branch) to the Dutch East Indies. On May 4, 1826, Adam al-Sultan of Banjar Watsiq Billah reaffirm handover region of East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan and some part of South Kalimantan to the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. In 1846, the Dutch began to place the Assistant Resident in Samarinda, East Borneo to the region (now the province of East Kalimantan and the eastern part of South Kalimantan) named H. Von Dewall.

East Kalimantan Province, other than as an administrative entity, as well as ecological and historical unity. East Kalimantan as an administrative area established pursuant to Law Number 25 Year 1956 with the first Governor of the APT Pranoto.

Previously, East Kalimantan is one of the residency of the province of Kalimantan. In accordance with the aspirations of the people, since 1956 the region separated into three Provinces, namely East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan.

ECONOMY

The main result of this province are mining products such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Other sectors growing yangkini is agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing industries.

Some regions such as Balikpapan and Bontang began developing industrial estates every sector to accelerate economic growth. While the districts in East Kalimantan are now starting to open its territory to be made, such as oil palm plantations, etc..

East Kalimantan has several interesting tourist destinations such as Derawan in Berau islands, the Kayan Mentarang National Park and Beach Stone Lamampu in Nunukan, crocodile farm in Balikpapan, deer farms in Penajam, Pampang Dayak Village in Samarinda, Tarakan City Beach Amal, at Jade Island Tenggarong, and others. In east Kalimantan approximately 1000-189.000 plant species growing around such a black orchid price per flower can reach 100000-500000 But there are obstacles in the heading above places namely transportation. Many parts in this province still do not have asphalt roads, so many people travel by boat and aircraft and would not be surprised if in East Kalimantan has a lot of pioneering airports. In addition, there will be making plans Balikpapan-Samarinda Highway-Bontang-Sangata to facilitate economic

SOCIAL COMMUNITY
Tribe Nation
The main article for this section are: Ethnic groups in East Kalimantan
Dances of the Kenyah Dayak people.

East Kalimantan has several kinds of races. been known by the wider community, but in addition there is a Dayak tribe who also plays an important role in the tribe of Kutai, East Kalimantan. Kutai Tribe is a tribe of native melayu East Kalimantan, which originally inhabited the coastal region of East Kalimantan. Then stand the two kingdoms in its development of Kutai, Kutai kingdom Martadipura first standing with his king Mulawarman, and also the last royal standing member of Parliament who later conquered Martadipura Kutaisi, and then changed its name to the kingdom of Labour Martadipura Ing.

In East Kalimantan, there are also many immigrants from outside the tribe tribes, like the Bugis, Java and Makassar. Javanese and Bugis languages are two of the many regional languages used by the people of East Kalimantan. Bugis many inhabit Borneo, Samarinda and Bontang Sangatta. While the tribes inhabiting Java lots of Samarinda and Balikpapan.

REGIONAL LANGUAGE
The main article for this section are: Languages areas of East Kalimantan

Regional languages in the Austronesian language of East Kalimantan is a Malayo-Polynesian family, including the Language Tidung, Banjar Language, Language Berau and Kutai language. Other languages are Bahasa Lundayeh.

History of West Sumatra

HISTORY
Regions of West Sumatra in the past is part of the Kingdom Pagaruyung. In adminisitrasi Dutch East Indies colonial administration, the area was incorporated in the Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust which also includes Tapanuli, then in 1905 became Residentie Tapanuli Tapanuli area besides Residentie Padangsche Benedenlanden and Residentie Padangsche Bovenlanden. Later in the year 1914, Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust, demoted to Residentie Sumatra's Westkust and in 1935 was merged into the Kerinci region of Sumatra's Residentie Westkust.

During the Japanese occupation of Sumatra's Westkust Residentie renamed Nishi Kaigan Sumatora Bangkinang Shu and released into the area in Riau region Shu

At the beginning of the independence of Indonesia, West Sumatra region incorporated in the province, based in Medan, Sumatra. Sumatra Province was then divided into three, namely North Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and South Sumatra. West Sumatra is part of the prefecture in the province of Central Sumatra and Riau and Jambi.

Under the emergency law number 19 year 1957, Central Sumatra was then divided again into West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi. Kerinci region which was previously incorporated in the South Coastal District Kerinci, resident of West Sumatra, Jambi provinces combined into a separate district. At the beginning of this new provincial capital of Bukittinggi, but later moved into the field.

GEOGRAPHIC
West Sumatra in the west central part of Sumatra island, has a low plateau on the west coast, as well as the volcanic plateau which formed the Bukit Barisan stretching from northwest to southeast. Entire shoreline of this province in touch with the Indian Ocean along 375 km. Mentawai Islands, located in the Indian Ocean and a few dozen miles off the coast of West Sumatra, including in this province.

West Sumatra has several lakes including Maninjau (99.5 km ²), Singkarak (130.1 km ²), Above (31.5 km ²), Under (Dibaruh) (14.0 km ²) and Talang (5.0 km ²).

Several large rivers on the island of Sumatra, tipped in the province, including the River Siak, Rokan River, River Inderagiri (referred to as the upper reaches of Batang Kuantan), Kampar and Batang Hari River. All of this river empties into the east coast of Sumatra, Riau and Jambi provinces. While the rivers that empties into the west coast a short distance. Some of them are Batang Anai, Batang Arau, and Trunk Tarusan.

The mountains in West Sumatra is Marapi (2891 m), Sago (2271 m), Singgalang (2877 m), Tandikat (2438 m), Talamau (2912 m), Talang (2572 m), Pasaman (2190 m), Grey (2179 m), violence (2039 m), Mande Rubiah (2430 m), Tambin (2271 m), Ambun (2060 m).

West Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia's rich biodiversity resources. Most of the area is still a natural tropical forests and protected. Several endangered species can still be found, for example arnoldii Rafflesia (world's largest flower), Sumatran tigers, gibbons, tapirs, deer, bears and various species of birds and butterflies.

There are two National Parks in this province: Siberut National Park, located on the island of Siberut (Mentawai Islands) and the Kerinci Seblat National Park. The latest national parks this territory stretches across four provinces: West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and South Sumatra.

Apart from the two National Park there are also several other nature reserves, namely Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Anai Valley Nature Reserve, Nature Reserve Trunk Palupuh, Harau Valley Nature Reserve, Nature Reserves and Parks Beringin Sakti Raya Bung Hatta.
Natural resources

Coal, iron ore, galena stone, lead, zinc, manganase, gold, limestone (cement), oil palm, cocoa, gambier, fishing.

POPULATION

ETNICH GROUPS
The main article for this section are: Minangkabau and Mentawai Tribe

The majority of tribal population is Minangkabau of West Sumatra. In areas other than Pasaman Minang tribe also dwelt tribes and tribal Batak Mandailing. Mentawai tribe located in the Mentawai Islands. In some cities in the West Sumatra town of Padang, there are mainly ethnic Tionghoa, Tamil and tribal Nias and in some areas of transmigration (Sitiung, Lunang Silaut, Kildare Gelugur, and others) there is also the Javanese.

LANGUAGE
The main article for this section are: Bahasa Minangkabau and Mentawai Language

The language used in everyday language is the language of the Minangkabau area which has several dialects, such as the dialect of Bukit tinggi, Pariaman dialects, dialect and the dialects of South Coastal Payakumbuh. In the area of West Pasaman and Pasaman bordering North Sumatra, the Batak language is also spoken and Bahasa Melayu Mandailing dialect. Meanwhile in the Mentawai Islands Mentawai language used.

RELIGION

The majority Muslim population of West Sumatra. There was also a Christian, especially in the Mentawai islands, as well as Hindus and Buddhists.

HIstory of South Sumatra

South Sumatra is one of the Indonesian province located in the southern part of Sumatra Island. This provincial capital in Palembang. Geographically, the South Sumatra province bordering the province of Jambi to the north, the province of Kep. East of Bangka-Belitung, Lampung province in the south, and west of Bengkulu province. This province is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Besides the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Palembang, has been famous since the first since he became the capital of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya.

In addition, this province has many attractive tourist destination to visit, such as the Musi River, the bridge shall, Kemaro Island, Lake Ranau, Kota Pagaralam, etc.. Because since the former has become a center of trade, indirectly influence the culture of the society. Food typical of this province are as varied as Pempek, model, tekwan, boiled catfish, boiled bones, chili jokjok, berengkes, and tempoyak.

HISTORY
South Sumatra province since centuries ago, also known as Earth Sriwijaya; in the 7th century to 12th century AD this area was the center of Srivijaya kingdom which is also famous for the largest and most powerful maritime kingdom in the archipelago. Echoes and its influence even to Madagascar in the African Continent.

Since the 13th century until the 14th century, the area under the power of Majapahit. Furthermore, this region had become no man's land and pirates from International bersarangnya especially from China.

In the early 15th century the Sultanate of Palembang's ruling stood until the advent of Western colonialism, and then followed by Japan. When I was victorious, Sriwijaya Palembang as the City also makes the Kingdom.

According to inscriptions found Kedukan Hill mentions in 1926, the settlement called Srivijaya was founded on June 17, 683 AD. This date was later to become the city of Palembang day which is celebrated every year.

History of North Sumatra

GEOGRAPHIC

North Sumatra is a province located on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The province is inhabited by many ethnic groups of Malays are classified as Old and Young Malays. Original inhabitants of this province consists of ethnic Malays, Tribe Batak, Nias tribe, and the Acehnese people. Seaboard of North Sumatra, which is east and west are generally inhabited by ethnic Malays and Tribal Mandailing which is almost entirely Muslim. While in the mountains there are many Batak Tribe mostly Christian. There was also a Tribe on the islands west of Nias. The migrants who contribute to the population of this province is dominated by the Javanese people. Other tribes are Tionghoa Tribe and several other minorities.
North Sumatra province is located at 1 ° - 4 ° north latitude and 98 ° - 100 ° east longitude, land area of North Sumatra Province 71 680 km.

North Sumatra basically can be divided into:

* East Coast
* Bukit Barisan Mountains.
* West Coast.
* Islands of Nias.

East coast is a region in the province's most rapidly developing due to the infrastructure requirements are relatively more complete than any other region. Eastern coastal areas is also an area of relatively dense concentration of population than any other region.

In the middle area of Bukit Barisan Mountains province lined. In these mountains there are several highland pockets of population concentration. But the number of the most dense residential population in the eastern region of this province. The area around Lake Toba and Samosir Island is also home to residents who depend their lives to this lake.

West coast, commonly known as Tapanuli.

REGION

There are 419 islands in the North Sumatra propisi. Outer islands is the island Simuk (Nias Island), and Idolatry in the straits of Sumatra island (Malacca).

Nias Islands consists of a main island of Nias island and other small islands around it. Islands off the coast of Nias is located in the west coast in the Indian Ocean. Government center is located in Gunung Sitoli.

Batu Islands consist of 51 islands with four large islands: Sibuasi, Pini, Tanahbala, Tanahmasa. Central government in the island Pulautelo Sibuasi. Batu Islands are located in the southeastern islands of Nias.

Other islands in the North Sumatra: Imanna, tubs, Bawa, Hamutaia, Batumakalele, Lego, Period, Bau, Simaleh, Makole, Jake, and Sigata, Wunga.

In North Sumatra, there are currently two national parks, the Gunung Leuser National Park and the Batang Gadis National Park. According to the Decree of the Minister of Forestry, No. 44 of 2005, forest area in North Sumatra is currently 3.74212 million hectares (ha). Which consists of the Nature Reserve / Nature Conservation Area covering 477 070 ha, 1.29733 million ha of Protection Forest, Limited Production of 879 270 ha of forest, Permanent Production Forests and Forest Production of 1.03569 million hectares that can be converted to an area of 52 760 ha.

However, this figure is a de jure nature only. Because de facto, existing forest area is not that anymore. Happens a lot of damage due to encroachment and illegal logging. So far, already 206 000 ha of forest in North Sumatra has undergone a change of function. Has been transformed into plantations, transmigration. From wide, as many as 163 000 ha for plantations and transmigration areas 42 900 ha for.

POPULATION

North Sumatra is the fourth-largest provincial population in Indonesia after West Java, East Java and Central Java. According to the complete enumeration results of the Census of Population (SP) in 1990 residents of North Sumatra on October 31, 1990 (census day) accounted for 10.81 million people, and in 2002, the population of North Sumatra is as busy as 11.85 million people. Population density of North Sumatra in 1990 was 143 inhabitants per km ² and in 2002 increased to 165 inhabitants per km ², while the levels of increase in population growth of North Sumatra during the period 1990-2000 is 1.20 percent per year.

Labor Force Participation levels (TPAK) North Sumatra each year is not fixed. In 2000 TPAK in this area amounted to 57.34 percent, year 2001 rose to 57.70 percent, in 2002 it rose again to 69.45 percent.

TRIBE

North Sumatra is a province with a multiethnic Batak, Nias, and the Malays as the indigenous people of this region. Since the opening of the tobacco plantations in East Sumatra, Dutch East Indies colonial government brought a lot of contract laborers employed in the plantation. The newcomers are mostly drawn from Javanese and hard. Spreading centers tribes in North Sumatra, as follows:

1. Ethnic Malays Deli: East Coast, especially in the district of Deli Serdang, Serdang Bedagai, and Langkat
2. Karo Batak: Karo Regency
3. Toba Batak: North Tapanuli, Humbang Hasundutan, Toba Samosir
4. Coastal Batak: Central Tapanuli, Sibolga
5. Batak Mandailing / Angkola: Tapanuli Selatan, Padang Lawas, and Mandailing Natal
6. Batak Simalungun: District Simalungun
7. Batak Pakpak: Dairi regency and West Pakpak
8. Ethnic Nias: Nias Island
9. Minangkabau: Medan, West Coast
10. Acehnese: Medan
11. Java Tribe: East & West Coasts
12. Tionghoa Tribe: Urban East & West coast.

Language

Basically, the language is widely used Indonesian. Deli majority ethnic Malays because of the proximity tells Indonesian Melayu language with the Indonesian language. Eastern coastal areas are like Bedagai Serdang, Dodek Base, Coal, shavings, and Tanjung Balai, wearing Bahasa Melayu dialect "O" as well as in Labuhan Batu with a slight difference of manner. Langkat district still uses the language of Malays Dialects "E" which is also called Maya-maya language. There are still many descendants of Javanese contract (Jadel - Java Deli), which tells the Java language.

In the urban areas, the tribe said Tionghoa common Hokkien language other than Indonesian. In the mountains, said Batak Batak language, consisting of four accents (Silindung-Humbang-Toba Samosir-). Languages spoken in the islands of Nias Nias Nias by the tribe. While the people of Western Coastal North Sumatra, as Sibolga and Central Tapanuli and Singkil and Coastal Christmas Madina use language.
Religion

The main religion in North Sumatra are:

* Islam: particularly embraced by the Malays, Minangkabau, Javanese, Acehnese, Batak Mandailing, some Batak Karo, Simalungun and Pakpak
* Christian (Protestant and Catholic): particularly embraced by the Karo Batak, Toba, Simalungun Pakpak, Mandailing and Nias
* Hinduism: particularly embraced by Indians in urban areas
* Buddhism: particularly embraced by the tribe in urban Peranakan
* Confucius: particularly embraced by the tribe in urban Peranakan
* Parmalim: embraced by some of the Batak ethnic group based in the High Huta
* Animism: there is still embraced by the Batak ethnic group, namely Pelebegu Parhabonaron and similar trust

AGRICULTURE AND PLANTATION

The province is famous for its plantation area, until now, agriculture remains the belle of the provincial economy. Plantations are managed by private companies or countries. Plantation Enterprises which have their area in North Sumatra, among others, PT Nusantara Plantation II (PTPN II), PTPN III, PTPN IV.

In addition, North Sumatra is also famous for its plantation area. Until now, farming remains the belle of the provincial economy. Plantations are managed by private companies or countries. North Sumatra produce rubber, cocoa, tea, palm oil, coffee, cloves, coconut, cinnamon, and tobacco. Plantations are scattered in Deli Serdang, Langkat, Simalungun, shavings, Labuhan Batu, and South Tapanuli.

* Area of paddy agriculture. In 2005 the total area of 807 302 hectares of crops to stay, or decrease by approximately 16 906 hectares than the area in 2004 which reached 824 208 hectares. Productivity of rice crop year 2005 can be increased to 43.49 quintals per hectare ranged from 2004 which is still 43.13 quintals per hectare, and rice fields from 24.73 quintals to 26.26 quintals per hectare. Year 2005, a surplus of rice in North Sumatra to reach 429 tons from about 2.1.27 million tons of total rice production in this area.
* Area of rubber plantations. Year 2002 the total area of rubber plantations in North Sumatra with a production of 443 743 489 491 hectare tonnes. As the year 2005, the total area of rubber decreased or stayed 477 000 hectares with a production which also fell to only 392 000 tons.
* Irrigation. Area irrigated entirely in North Sumatra covers an area of 132 254 ha 174 Irrigation Area. A total of 96 823 ha in seven Irrigation Area is critically damaged.
* Agricultural Products. North Sumatra produce rubber, cocoa, tea, palm oil, coffee, cloves, coconut, cinnamon, and tobacco. Plantations are scattered in Deli Serdang, Langkat, Simalungun, shavings, Labuhan Batu, and South Tapanuli.

These commodities have been exported to many countries and contributing huge foreign exchange for Indonesia. In addition to commodities, North Sumatra is also known as producers of horticulture commodities (vegetables and fruits); such as Citrus Medan, Deli Guava, Vegetables Cabbage, Tomato, Potato, and Carrot which is produced by Karo District, North Tapanuli Simalungun and. Horticulture products have been exported to Malaysia and Singapore.

ARTS AND CULTURE
Music

Music is always played, tend to depend on the customary ceremonies were held, but more dominant with genderangnya. As there are a series of Coastal Ethnic musical instrument called Sikambang.
Architecture

In the field of art that stands out is the traditional house architecture which is the combination of the sculpture and the art of sculpture and crafts. Architecture of traditional houses are in various forms ornamen.Pada general shape of the building custom homes in the Batak indigenous group symbolizing "standing buffalo". This is more obvious with the roof tops adorned with a buffalo head.

The traditional house of the Batak tribes named Ruma Batak. Stand strong and majestic and many found in Samosir.

Karo traditional houses seem bigger and higher than other traditional houses. The roof is made of palm fiber and are usually added to the roofs of the smaller triangular-called "come on let's go home" and "tersek". With the towering roof of a house in layers that Karo has a unique shape compared with other traditional houses that have only one layer of roofing in North Sumatra.

Form of traditional houses in the area Simalungun quite charming. The complex of traditional houses in the village of Ancient Pematang consists of several buildings which house Bolon, Bolon hall, sunbathe, abstinence hall and mortar needed.

Mandailing typical buildings that stand out are called "Bagasse Gadang" (home Namora Natoras) and "Sopo Godang '(traditional meeting hall).

Coastal Sibolga custom house look even more majestic and more beautiful than the other traditional houses. The traditional house was still standing in the courtyard of the National Building Sibolga.
Dances

Treasury of traditional dances including the various types. There's a magical, sacred dance form, and nothing is just a form of dance entertainment profane. In addition to the traditional dance that is part of traditional ceremonies, sacred dances, usually danced by Dayu Datu. Including this type of dance is a dance teacher and dance tungkat. Datu menarikannya waving the magic wand called Single Panaluan.

Dance is a dance usually profane association youth who danced at the shindig. Tortor have danced at a wedding. Usually danced by the attendees including the bride and also the young people. This youth dance, for example morah-morah, parakut, sipajok, patam-patam often and kebangkiung. Dance magic dance tortor nasiaran eg, single-panaluan tortor. This magical dance is usually performed with a full kekhusukan.

In addition there are also dances Batak dance Malays like Serampang XII.
Craft

Besides the architecture, arts crafts fabrics are attractive from the Batak ethnic group. Examples of these fabrics are woven and songket ulos. Batak traditional ulos cloth which is used in marriage ceremonies, funerals, establishing homes, art, etc.. Ulos fabric made of cotton or flax yarn. Ulos color is usually black, white, and reds that have a specific meaning. While other color is a symbol of the variation of life.

In the tribe there Pakpak fabrics known as topical. Oles basic color is usually brown or black and white.

At Karo tribe have woven known as UIs. UIs are usually primary color dark blue and red.

At Coastal tribes have woven known as Songket Barus. These crafts are usually primary color is Dark Red or Yellow Gold.
[Edit] Food typical

Typical food in Northern Sumatra is very varied, depending on the area. Saksang and pig roast is very familiar to those who carry out or home-cooked feast.

Suppose such areas Pakpak Dairi, Pelleng is special food with a very spicy seasonings.

In the land itself is dengke naniarsik Batak who is a fish that digulai without using coconut. For taste, the Batak land is a paradise for lovers of spicy food and coconut milk are also hot. PASITUAK NATONGGI or money to buy a sweet sap that is very familiar terms therein, illustrates how closely the wine or juice with their lives.